Showing posts with label faith. Show all posts
Showing posts with label faith. Show all posts

Saturday, May 9, 2020

People Of Hope

     Yes, your Curmudgeon is in one of those moods again. You don’t have to read this. If you do anyway, you’ve been warned. I make no excuses for the sentiments I express here.


     If you’re still young – say, under 35 – learning about what will come upon you as the years accumulate will dismay you. A lot of this stuff is seldom discussed where “the young’uns” would hear it. I once wondered why. No longer.

     I’ll cut right to the chase: Unless you’re one of a very fortunate very few, you’re going to get tired. Worse, you’re going to stay tired. But it won’t be an entirely physical phenomenon. It will derive in equal measure from what you have seen, learned, and cannot forget.

     Most of life is about confronting and coping with the same problems, over and over. This is one of the central elements of what has been called the “tragic vision:” the great problems are eternal. We can’t solve them; we can only apply temporary measures that will allow us to go on a little further. It is so because of our natures as individual, temporal beings: creatures with independent existences and consciousnesses, who must cope with existence under the veil of time.

     You’ll do your best, but no one’s best is sufficient to “solve” the “problem” of temporal existence. This is one of the lessons the years confer on the receptive.


     Despite the connotations of the phrase, the “tragic vision” is not a sorrowful one. It’s simply realistic: it takes the world as it is rather than demanding some more favorable set of laws and conditions and insisting that they be so. Philip K. Dick understood this:

     “If you were me, and your wife were sick, desperately so, with no hope of recovery, would you leave her? Or would you stay with her, even if you had traveled ten years into the future and knew for an absolute certainty that the damage to her brain could never be reversed? And staying with her would mean—”
     “I can see what you mean, sir,” the cab broke in. “It would mean no other life for you beyond caring for her.”
     “That’s right,” Eric said.
     “I’d stay with her,” the cab decided.
     “Why?”
     “Because,” the cab said, “life is composed of reality configurations so constituted. To abandon her would be to say, I can’t endure reality as such. I have to have uniquely special easier conditions.”

     Sometimes we anticipate pain and sorrow. They may be avoidable, with the right planning and preparation. But sometimes we can see the course of our future well enough to know that they’re inescapable. What then? Give up, lie down on the tracks, and wait for the train?

     Of course not. We do our best with the time and resources we have. We cope. Coping is the quintessential human skill. It gets us from one instant to the next. Tragedy may lie in our future; indeed, in at least one sense, it’s inescapable for everyone. But tomorrow is not a reason to forsake today and what we can do with it. It never has been.

     This is another of the lessons the years confer on the receptive.


     Christians have been called “the people of hope.” There’s a depth to that phrase. What do we hope for? On what grounds? Is it sufficient to justify our faith? Should we conclude that we’ve been deceived about it all, what then?

     The essence of Christian hope lies in our belief that God is good. In contrast, pre-Christian, pagan religions often assumed malevolence from their gods. They equated divine power with sadism, for is the world not filled with hazards and horrors? Don’t we suffer terribly in this life, only to die a little while afterward? Given the conditions of life in the centuries before Christ, it becomes possible to understand how such beliefs could find adherents.

     But note this: those pagans did not kill themselves. Neither did they wait passively for their “fate,” however conceived, to overtake them. Their vision of Ultimate Reality, though dark, was not sufficient to get them to stop coping. They worked, produced, loved, mated, had children and raised them as best they could, and went on, day after day, coping, coping, coping…

     Our hope is conscious. The pagans’ hope was unexpressed. Yet the virtue involved is the same.

     The lesson here is obscure, but imperative.


     “Suppose it was even as you think,” he went on, even more gently. “Suppose that all you say was a fact, and that our Elders were but greedy tyrants, ourselves abandoned here by their selfish will and set to fulfill a false and prideful purpose. No.” Jamethon’s voice rose. “Let me attest as if it were only for myself. Suppose that you could give me proof that all our Elders lied, that our very Covenant was false. Suppose that you could prove to me”—his face lifted to mine and his voice drove at me—“that all was perversion and falsehood, and nowhere among the Chosen, not even in the house of my father, was there faith or hope! If you could prove to me that no miracle could save me, that no soul stood with me, and that opposed were all the legions of the universe, still I, I alone, Mr. Olyn, would go forward as I have been commanded, to the end of the universe, to the culmination of eternity. For without my faith I am but common earth. But with my faith, there is no power can stay me!”

     [Gordon R. Dickson, Soldier, Ask Not]

     That early novel of Dickson’s presents the reader with the “Splinter World” of Harmony, populated by “Friendlies:” extremely devout members of a harshly ascetic, quasi-Christian faith. Their world is poor, which appears to be consistent with their asceticism. Yet they need purchasing power that will allow them to trade with other worlds. To earn that inter-world purchasing power, they export their one and only merchandisable good: their men, as mercenary soldiers.

     Seems a bit contradictory for an ascetic faith, doesn’t it? Dickson makes it work, through the person of his character Jamethon Black, quoted above. For Jamethon knows, as few persons of our world seem to know, that faith is essential to human existence. We cannot live decent lives without faith: in particular, the faith that the universe makes sense and that through study, thought, and effort one’s difficulties can be overcome at least for the moment.

     Everything we believe but cannot prove or disprove is an article of faith. Our confidence in our “knowledge” is an expression of an underlying faith: that the universe is governed by laws we can learn and exploit. Without that faith, men would not have begun to study the phenomena around them for the patterns that indicate the existence of such laws.

     Our seldom-expressed faith in the lawfulness of reality is what makes it possible for us to go on: to age in hope.


     Faith and hope are two of the three virtues called the eternal verities. And indeed, in the lives of men they are demonstrably eternal. Even the hardcore atheist has a faith; he simply doesn’t call it that. They who lack all faith and hope commit suicide, consciously or otherwise.

     But there is a third theological virtue yet to be addressed. In our modern argot it’s usually called “love.” While that word is not wholly inexact, it has connotations that obscure the value at issue: that of charity.

     “Charity” is not confined to the giving of one’s money, goods, and effort to others. The full meaning is that of the Latin word caritas: caring or concern, especially for the well-being of others.

     Charity, like hope, would not be possible without faith. In this case, the faith in question is the faith that others’ condition, whether material, moral, or spiritual, can be conserved and improved. We hope for it because we have faith that it’s possible. We act on it because we know, as has been said many times in other contexts, that “hope is not a strategy.” And note: only very rarely does the charitable man falter in his charity just because in some instance it has failed to do as he hoped.

     Yet in our era, charitable works seem to fail more often than they succeed. Most recipients of material charity act as if they’re owed. (Not to put too sharp an edge on it, they’re not.) Many recipients of moral or spiritual charity act insulted: “How dare you counsel me?” Seldom is there an enduring improvement in the recipient. And to add insult to injury there are always some who preach a gospel of despair: that “things have always been this way and always will be.” You’re licked before you start, so why start?

     Why indeed?


     Longtime readers already know how circuitous I can be. Today is one of those days. At any rate, we return at last to the theme of the opening segment.

     Coping – doing your best with the circumstances reality presents you – is what tires you out. Nor does it matter whether you get the results you hoped for from your coping technique. Your non-physical tiredness, which has been called being “world-weary,” arises from failure: yours, those around you, and others far away for whom you had harbored some hope.

     Most of what men attempt eventuates in failure. Yet failure seldom extinguishes hope. Our faith that there is still a possibility of improvement drives us onward. What does it matter how many times we’ve failed? Here is a fresh opportunity; why not seize it?

     To spurn such opportunities is the admission that one’s faith in an orderly universe whose difficulties can be mastered has lapsed. Yes, some do lose that faith, even permanently. But we don’t often hear of them afterward, except in obituary columns.

     With age comes an accumulation of failures: one’s own, those of others in one’s circle, and those of others more distant. We’ve seen a lot of failures: far more numerous than successes. The cumulative impact makes us world-weary…which is really just another way of saying experienced.

     But in our several, ever more enfeebled ways, we go on. We keep hoping, and therefore trying. Because to surrender would be to betray our faith.

     You see, it’s not just Christians who are people of hope. It’s every man who refuses to surrender to his weariness, insists that he has not been defeated, and continues to do his best to cope, driven by the conviction, which in the nature of such things is neither provable nor disprovable and is therefore an article of faith, that there is still a chance that things can be better.

     Be well.

Tuesday, November 27, 2018

A Negative-Sum Game Part 2: Some Non-Ruminative Thoughts

     If you’ve read this earlier piece, you’re already familiar with the aggrieved puzzlement I feel over the phenomenon of the militant atheist. In light of the irrefutable conclusion (hint, hint) that firmly held atheism is just as much a religious faith as any other doctrine about the supernatural, I suppose I should be less puzzled. After all, the holders of other faiths have gone on great, often bloody campaigns to eliminate their “competitors,” so why not the atheists? Why should anyone expect them to be different?

     Having posed the question that way, I suppose this is just one more glimpse into human nature: specifically, the discomfort that afflicts those who hold a particular belief and can’t abide others that don’t share it. Just as “I was wrong” is very hard to say, “You are wrong” is very hard to hear – and for persons of incomplete maturation, “You might be wrong” is almost as hard.

     But the matter doesn’t end there.


     Viewed broadly, faith has been the single most important force in the history of Man. Its influence on politics, economics, warfare, international relations, education, social customs and traditions, the hard sciences, the arts, and the demographics of the world cannot be overstated. Indeed, I could make a good case (Sheesh. I almost typed “god case.” Get back in your box, Sigmund!) that faith is a more important influence today than ever before in history.

     That should be a heads-up to the militant atheist, whose aim, whether express or implied, is the elimination of what he sees as irrationality. Disentangling faith from all of human enterprise and the human experience isn’t likely to be accomplished by a few thousand sour-faced evangelists for atheism.

     Remember, I said viewed broadly. For any conviction that can neither be conclusively proved nor conclusively disproved qualifies as a faith:

  • Socialism is a faith.
  • So is capitalism.
  • Bimetallism is a faith.
  • So is monometallism.
  • And of course, so is Keynesianism.
  • Constitutionalism – the conviction that there must be a Supreme Law that constrains all other lawmaking and government action – is a faith.
  • Monarchism is a faith. Indeed, it’s still held by a fair number of persons. (Look into the Constantian Society if you disbelieve me.)
  • Scientism – i.e., the conviction that all important knowledge can be established by scientific means and procedures – is most definitely a faith.

     None of the enumerated stances can be verified or falsified so conclusively that there remains room for neither doubt nor dissent. There are many other stances of that sort.

     The militant atheist, of course, isn’t aiming at the wholesale rejection of socialism, or capitalism, or bimetallism. His crosshairs settle over the face of God. To him, the belief in a Supreme Being that is beyond our senses yet is responsible for the whole of existence is unacceptable. We who maintain such a belief are equally unacceptable. Indeed, many a militant atheist regards us as not merely irrational but “stupid.” Of course, he imagines himself to occupy a higher intellectual plane.


     A long, long time ago, back at the old Palace of Reason, I posted the following:

Private Knowledge

     I consider myself a Catholic. I also consider myself an agnostic. And while you're catching your breath from that seeming contradiction, I'm going to indulge in a little word-splitting, hopefully of the consciousness-expanding kind.

     The original Gnostic controversy propelled a great deal of the early unrest within the Church. On one side stood men, apparently sincere, who believed that knowledge of God's will came directly to each individual in the form of a private revelation, a gnosis. The most famous case of gnosis recorded in Christian history is the “road to Damascus” revelation of Paul of Tarsus, who may justly be regarded as the doctrinal founder of the Church.

     Opposed to these stood men who rejected the very idea of gnosis. They held that since not all persons had one, and that God would not be so cruel as to deny His word to anyone who desired to hear it, then these private revelations should be regarded as events of unknown significance at best, rather than reliable indicators of God's will. These were the original agnostics.

     Interestingly, the Church, though its doctrines were shaped by the most celebrated gnosis of all time, almost immediately thereafter rejected the Gnostic position, declaring it beyond the pale for any communicant to place his private revelation above the teachings approved by the Church hierarchy. Gnosticism, thus anathematized, acquired an unsavory aspect, allied itself with forms of mysticism at odds with core Christian beliefs, and after a couple of centuries ceased to be an important influence on the development of the Christian faith.

     There are Christian faiths that preserve some fragment of the Gnostic belief. The Church of the Latter-Day Saints, for example, explicitly teaches its adherents that God may be expected to speak directly to them on matters of critical importance to them personally. However, most mainline Christian sects, including my own, are firmly agnostic. True doctrine, they teach, is preserved and propagated by the Church itself, in keeping with the responsibility conferred upon the apostle Peter by Christ Himself.

     All of this might seem a bit abstruse to the layman with a layman's interest in matters of faith. I assure you, it's more important than most Christians realize -- not because of the possible clash between doctrine and revelation, but because of the private nature of all revelations, and the importance of that essential privacy to faith itself.

     In this world, God coerces no one. He has laid down the laws of Nature; that is all. Those laws may be denied or decried, but they cannot be broken. One aspect of those laws is that, for any given miracle -- that is, for any given observed phenomenon that's so far from the ordinary course of things that one explanation offered for it is the hand of God -- there will always be at least one other plausible explanation, such that disbelief will remain possible. I believe that this is a part of the Divine Non-Coercion package, designed to allow men's minds to be free even on the most fundamental of all subjects.

     Why does God want men's minds to be so free? A good question. It might be part of the test. It might be part of what it means to be men. And it might be that we'll all know soon enough. My own theory is that this is how God speaks directly to some men, such as Paul of Tarsus, while leaving others capable of reaching their own conclusions.

     Revelation is always private. Private events, as opposed to public events that may be witnessed by many persons simultaneously, have no evidentiary value for those who have not experienced them. Private events give rise only to private knowledge and private convictions. If a man has had such an experience, it may help him to persuade others, but even here there are stronger factors than the revelation itself: his known character, the degree of his eloquence, and his strength of will in staying true to the substance of the revelation and refraining from adulterating it with opinions of his own.

     To be a Christian agnostic is to say: Revelation is wonderful, if you've had one. It's stunning, thrilling, enlarging beyond any other experience of the mind. But it has no weight as evidence in any argument with others. Your revelation was meant for you alone, or all the rest of us would have had it too.

     The Christian agnostic position is an insistence on personal humility: self-doubt, not doubt of God. How can we doubt what He has said to all of us together, the objectively verifiable laws that govern our universe and dictate how we may use what we find in it? But how can we not politely reserve judgment in the face of a Gnostic's claim to have personal knowledge of His will? To do otherwise would be to elevate the convictions of a mere human above the actual mechanics of the cosmos, the continuously unfolding panoply of Creation itself.

     Why am I nattering on about this, you ask? Have I been accosted by self-nominated visionaries one too many times, or have I had a revelation of my own?

     Sorry, that's private.

     Ponder that for a moment while I fetch more coffee.


     When Francis Bacon proposed what has come to be known as scientific method, he was working within a Christian framework: the conviction that a just God would not allow the laws of the universe to change out from under us. That too is, of course, a religious conviction: a faith. We have no way of knowing whether the laws of physics were at one time not those of today. (Indeed, one of the more popular cosmological theses holds that that must have been the case for the universe of matter to have its current extent.) Neither can we know that the laws of physics will always be what they are today. Both the affirmative and the negative positions are articles of faith.

     It is effectively impossible to separate faith – the willingness to believe without a requirement for conclusive proof – from the rest of the human experience. As I’ve already observed, the militant atheist isn’t concerned with what we might call quotidian faith, but with conceptions of God and the religious propositions founded on such conceptions.

     To these eyes, this is a brief for amiability, a “you go to your church and I’ll go to mine” attitude toward the militant atheist. Yes, he can be annoying. Can’t you? Can’t I? Anyone with a strong opinion about anything, regardless of the subject or his depth of inquiry into it, is capable of being a nuisance. That’s not an argument against having a strong opinion, with one exception:

No matter who you are,
Regardless of what you might believe,
You were not put here to convert the rest of us.

     I think we’d all have it a lot easier, especially at family gatherings, if that particular principle were more widely understood.

Wednesday, October 24, 2018

Compulsions To Hurry: A Midweek Rumination

     Among my many faults is one that’s dogged me all the days of my life: I’m in a hurry. No matter what I’m doing, I’m doing my best to speed it up. I move as quickly as possible at all times, in every situation. I’m infuriated by obstructions and delays. As you can imagine, that makes Long Island traffic an unusually severe trial for me, which is one of the major reasons I retired.

     Contrast this with Harlan Ellison’s admission that no matter what he does, he’s inevitably late. (It was the genesis of his early award-winner “Repent, Harlequin! Said the Ticktockman”) I wouldn’t want his problem, but I don’t much like mine either. There’s no virtue in hurrying all the time unless you’re hurrying toward something important, perhaps even vital.

     Every now and then, someone will inquire about it: “Who’s chasing you?” “Do you have a plane to catch?” I never have an answer. It’s just what I do, automatically.

     So what am I hurrying toward? I don’t know – I’ve never known – but it’s a lead-pipe cinch that whatever it is, I’ll hurry through that, too. It appears to be built into me at some low level that I can’t reprogram by conscious effort, even though I’m aware that it costs me quite a lot in a number of ways.

     When you can feel the end of your life approaching, questions such as that one acquire a compelling force.


     I believe I’ve told this little parable before, perhaps at Eternity Road, but it bears repeating now and then:

     A man was feeling unwell, unusually so, and went to see his doctor. The doctor agreed that the man’s run-down condition and general malaise merited a close look, and ran him through a battery of tests.

     The results of the tests were grave: the man was terminally ill. He had only a few months to live. When the doctor told him of his condition, he was immediately stricken with a great fear. “Doctor,” he said, “I’m afraid to die. What happens when we die? What lies beyond death?”

     The doctor, an unusually humble man, whispered “I don’t know!” He reached out to take his patient in his arms when there came a commotion in his waiting room. The two men looked toward the door as it burst open and the doctor’s pet dog, a large Newfoundland, swarmed in, jumped into his arms, and smothered him with dog-kisses. When the siege had lifted somewhat, the doctor turned to his moribund patient and smiled.

     “Here is our answer,” the doctor said. “My dog has never before chosen to go exploring, but he chose this day to leap over our fence. And what did he do then but to come here, to my office. What did he know of what lay beyond that door? Nothing, except that his master is here, and that was enough.”

     The doctor tousled his Newf’s head affectionately. “So it is with us,” he said. “We know nothing of death, and nothing of what lies beyond it...except that the Master is there. And that is enough.”

     At any rate, it should be.


     The doctor’s insight is a reason to keep calm, to live in the present, and to do what there is to do right now to the best of our ability. Temporal life is the second-greatest of all God’s gifts to us. Yes, it’s a time of testing, when our trials reveal our ability to discern right from wrong and to choose properly between them. But it’s also a time of blessings. The world is filled with other gifts, most particularly our loved ones, our communities, and our chosen trades. It is right and necessary that we should show these the proper appreciation. Always being in a hurry is inconsistent with that.

     Now, my hurrying problem is probably constitutional; it’s consistent with my unusually quick reflexes, high pulse rate, and high blood pressure. But many others whom I’ve observed hurrying as if they were late for their own funerals don’t do so out of an inner compulsion. The influences that surround them subliminally urge them to an ever higher pace. It’s possible that their loved ones, trusted advisors, and confidants have told them that they’re doing themselves harm. But the many voices through which our milieu speaks silently to us keep whispering that there’s no time to lose! And they can be damnably difficult to oppose.

     Life is short. (“Eat dessert first!”) And yes, it’s a test. Whether you’re a believer or not, you can feel it testing you: your moral sense, your attentiveness, your reaction time, your intelligence and good sense, your ability to persevere, and much else. But it’s also a blessing to be enjoyed, even savored. It will be over soon enough; trust me on that.

     May God bless and keep you all.

Sunday, September 16, 2018

Faith And The Familiar: A Sunday Rumination

     Regular attendance at Mass confers a number of benefits on the communicant. Yes, the Church says it’s obligatory to be there on Sunday (or Saturday night, in many parishes), but even were that not the case, I’d still be in “my pew” at 7:30 AM on Sunday morning, at least as long as I’m physically able to get there. I wouldn’t want to go without what it does for both the mind and the spirit.

     Part of what it does is to put me in the same general locale as a lot of familiar faces. In an era when so many developments are prying Americans away from traditional society – “traditional,” in this case, meaning “in the flesh” — that’s a benison that ought not to be dismissed.

     I probably feel this more strongly than most Christians, both because I prefer my own company, and because the work I do has a tendency to isolate me. But I could be wrong about that. There’s evidence to that effect in the church parking lot.

     I seldom get into my car to head home without being buttonholed by another parishioner for a quick conversation. Mass attendees at my parish don’t just run to their cars and race to get home; they mill about exchanging greetings and how-are-yous with one another. The parking lot dribbles empty far more slowly than a non-communicant might guess. This morning it’s given me to reflect on the particular value of the company of others who share one’s convictions.

     Churches aren’t the only manifestation of this effect, of course. Political societies, special-interest clubs, sewing circles, and many other reasons for persons to associate share it, with varying degrees of power. And on balance it appears, at least from my perspective, to be a good thing, especially given the socially atomizing effects of so many other modern trends.

     In his early, wildly popular book Games People Play, Dr. Eric Berne notes the importance to the human animal of “strokes:” broadly, acknowledgement of and acceptance by others as one tends his own affairs. His explanation of this need is particularly striking:

     On that biological side, it is probable that emotional and sensory deprivation tends to bring about or encourage organic changes. If the reticular activating system of the brain stem is not sufficiently stimulated, degenerative changes in the nerve cells may follow, at least indirectly. This may be a secondary effect due to poor nutrition, but the poor nutrition itself may be a product of apathy, as in infants suffering from marasmus. Hence a biological chain may be postulated leading from emotional and sensory deprivation through apathy to degenerative changes and death....What has been said so far may be summarized by the "colloquialism:" "If you are not stroked, your spinal cord will shrivel up." Hence, after the period of close intimacy with the mother is over, the individual for the rest of his life is confronted with a dilemma upon whose horns his destiny and survival are continually being tossed. One born is the social, psychological and biological forces which stand in the way of continued physical intimacy in the infant style; the other is his perpetual striving for its attainment. Under most conditions he will compromise. He learns to do with more subtle, even symbolic, forms of handling, until the merest nod of recognition may serve the purpose to some extent, although his original craving for physical contact may remain unabated.

     This seems unimpeachable. And participation in a faith-based gathering helps to satisfy the need. But of course, there’s more than that going on.


     Most Americans are aware that the traditional nuclear family has fallen on hard times. Few families still function in the fashion that characterized family life before World War II. In truth, the family was already under stress owing to the Great Depression, but the effects of the War and the sort of economy to which it gave birth have caused the pressure to mount to a near-irresistible level.

     I’ve written about this before. While certain countervailing forces have recently reared their heads, the net tendency is still toward routine separation: of spouses from one another, of siblings from one another, and of parents from their children. The separations are overtly physical – two wage earners per family; the collegiate diaspora, and the separation from the childhood home at the arrival of adulthood – but they have a large amount of emotional baggage as well.

     If we genuinely need human connections, as Eric Berne has posited, the forces acting to shatter families are our enemies, and to be feared. Inversely, those things that help to keep families together, if only in an emotional fashion, are our friends. One of those latter things is shared religious convictions.

     However, children no longer routinely follow their parents’ faith. That cement for the family has largely dissolved. But as long as the churchgoer remains a regular participant in his church, he can still get and give “strokes.” That, I think, explains a great deal of what happens in my parish’s parking lot after a Sunday morning Mass. I’d venture to guess that much the same thing happens at many others.

     And of course there’s more going on than that, as well.


     For me, to look out over a sea of familiar Catholic faces is among the greatest comforts of life. It reassures me that if my faith is crazy, at least I’m not alone in my madness. It also tells me that the value that I find in the Mass is not something imaginary – that immersion in the ritual re-enactment of the Last Supper confers a real psychological and spiritual benefit.

     So much of life is spent alone, at least functionally, that togetherness for just about any reason short of a mass murder is itself a blessing to be cherished. And there’s more than one sort of togetherness being practiced at a Catholic Mass. Yes, we’re all in the same building, however briefly. Yes, we all hoof it out to the same parking lot where we renew acquaintances and exchange little bits of news. (And jockey with one another to get out the one and only exit.) But we’re also reaffirming the supra-temporal connection among us: our unity in the Mystical Body of Christ, which is prior and superior to all Earthly rituals and practices.

     “Wherever two or three are gathered together in My name, there I am also.” (Matthew 18:20) The Holy Spirit, the Advocate Christ promised would be with us after He had left this world, is present whenever we who believe are together...and if we renew acquaintances with Him as well as with our fellow communicants, we are stroked twice. We are, however briefly, renewed in what I deem to be the most important of the cardinal virtues: fortitude, that which supports our efforts to persevere in this world and our hope for God’s acceptance in the next.

     It’s excellent refreshment for the spinal cord.

Thursday, August 24, 2017

Tests Of Faith

     This morning, we have a quiet cri de coeur from Stephen Kruiser:

     Mine is a life that hasn't exactly been fraught with tragedy. It has, however, known a fair amount of financial and personal struggle throughout the years. If the rough patches on one's journey are tests, I feel as if I should have multiple graduate degrees in Getting Over It Already.

     Whenever anything gets too ridiculous, I have relied on a triple-tiered, unwavering support network of family, amazing friends, and faith.

     In the past few months, the faith wavered. That's not wholly accurate: it disappeared.

     Kruiser is a lifelong Catholic who has always valued his faith, which makes the sense that it has deserted him particularly painful. The article is eminently worth reading in its entirety, but I’m going to skip to the end:

     The map to the path back to God is probably right in front of me.

     I am just going to need to look harder.

     The comments section is the usual mix of blather, including quite a bit of anti-Catholicism, but that’s of no real moment.

     Everyone has crises of faith, because faith is a much wider category of ideation than most persons imagine. Concisely: Let Proposition X be a statement that, in the nature of things, can neither be proved nor disproved. If you believe Proposition X even so, you have faith in it. This is of special significance if you choose to conform or constrain your behavior in light of Proposition X.

     Mind you, Proposition X cannot be a statement about the past. Statements about the past are either factual or counterfactual – correct or incorrect – right or wrong. Statements about the future, or about conditions that cannot be verified or falsified, are the ones that matter. Consider, for example, Job’s statement before his neighbors:

     For I know that my redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth: And though worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God. [Job 19:25-26]

     That’s plainly a statement of faith. (Whether the story is fact or fiction is immaterial.)

     We have “secular” faith in many things: in people; in our relationships; in the soundness of our methods for pursuing what we want; and perhaps most important of all, in the value of our own lives and labors. It’s in the nature of such convictions that they will be tested... and that some of those convictions will fail their tests. Everyone is let down in some fashion, by someone or something, at some time in his life.

     Some hold (as a matter of faith) that God determines what the tests will be. I’m on the negative side of that one. God does not wield the “police power” under the veil of Time. He has decreed the laws of this universe and set us free to cope with them. We are subject to them despite our severest strivings to set them at naught. It is those laws that provide our tests:

  • By obstructing our progress toward what we want;
  • By placing us in competition or opposition to others with contrasting aims;
  • By denying us absolute latitude and infinite time to make our decisions and practice our methods.

     Much of this is summed up in a fatalistic way by the old maxim “Shit happens.” Indeed it does...but the regularity behind it should tell us a great deal more than most of us dare to infer.

     Before we proceed, have a few of the recognized faiths’ takes on “Shit happens.”

  • Catholics: If shit happens, we deserve it.
  • Protestants: Let this shit happen to someone else.
  • Jews: Why does this shit always happen to us?
  • Muslims: Let’s do some shit to those dirty infidels.
  • Buddhists: What is the sound of shit happening?
  • Rastafarians: Let’s roll this shit up and smoke it!
  • Solipsists: There is no shit.
  • Atheists: You theists are full of shit and you know it.

     These, too, are useful encapsulations. You might want to write them down.


     I’m reasonably sure Stephen Kruiser will regain his faith. His article speaks of a support system most of us don’t enjoy in its fullest extent. The point of this brief piece is otherwise:

Like Shit, Tests Of Faith...Happen.

     Indeed, I’m of the opinion that we should be grateful for them, for they help us to discover what we really believe, as opposed to fictions we maintain only while they’re comfortable.

     Be well, Stephen. I’ll be praying for you.

Sunday, April 23, 2017

Faith And Doubt: A Sunday Rumination

     [The first Sunday after Easter, liturgically titled Divine Mercy Sunday, is also sometimes called Doubting Thomas Sunday, for it is on this day that the tale of Thomas Didymus, the Apostle who doubted the Resurrection, and his encounter with the risen Christ is told. It’s a good day to reflect on something Pope Benedict XVI told us: Faith is inseparable from doubt. It’s also a good day to reflect on something Dr. Gary Habermas said to investigative reporter and atheist Lee Strobel during his investigation into the Resurrection: How much evidence is enough?

     I first posted the piece below on April 27, 2014. -- FWP]


     On the evening of that day, the first day of the week, the disciples had gathered together and locked the doors of the place for fear of the Jewish authorities. Jesus came and stood among them and said to them, “Peace be with you.” When he had said this, he showed them his hands and his side. Then the disciples rejoiced when they saw the Lord. So Jesus said to them again, “Peace be with you. Just as the Father has sent me, I also send you.” And after he said this, he breathed on them and said, “Receive the Holy Spirit. If you forgive anyone’s sins, they are forgiven; if you retain anyone’s sins, they are retained.”

     Now Thomas (called Didymus), one of the twelve, was not with them when Jesus came. The other disciples told him, “We have seen the Lord!” But he replied, “Unless I see the wounds from the nails in his hands, and put my finger into the wounds from the nails, and put my hand into his side, I will never believe it!”

     Eight days later the disciples were again together in the house, and Thomas was with them. Although the doors were locked, Jesus came and stood among them and said, “Peace be with you!” Then he said to Thomas, “Put your finger here, and examine my hands. Extend your hand and put it into my side. Do not continue in your unbelief, but believe.” Thomas replied to him, “My Lord and my God!” Jesus said to him, “Have you believed because you have seen me? Blessed are the people who have not seen and yet have believed.”

     [The Gospel According to John, 20:19-29]

     The story of Doubting Thomas, perhaps the most famous of all the events of the period between the Resurrection and the Ascension, is often – usually? – told as some sort of mild condemnation of doubt of the Resurrection, and therefore of Christ’s divinity. Yet the story itself does not reflect badly on Thomas. He, a skeptic of a sort familiar to many, wanted substantiation of the unprecedented event in which he’d been asked to believe. Moreover, it was substantiation the other disciples had already received. It might be going too far to assert that he had a right to such evidence, but at the very least he could demur on the grounds that the others had witnessed what he had not.

     Pope Benedict XVI himself has told us that faith is inseparable from doubt. Indeed, it could not be any other way. Faith is the acceptance of a proposition for which there is inconclusive evidence at best, and against which no conclusive disproof is possible. He whose faith is utterly undisturbed by those conditions is a rare creature indeed, perhaps to the point of never having existed.

     We have reason to believe that the Apostles alone were granted conclusive proof that Jesus had returned bodily from death. If others who saw Him in the days before the Ascension received the same sort of indisputable proof that it was definitely Jesus of Nazareth who stood before them, the Gospels do not record it. The Apostles also witnessed His Ascension, and at the Pentecost received the Gift of Tongues to facilitate the Great Commission. No one else, not even Paul of Tarsus, is recorded as having been granted those boons.

     All of us who came after must make do with faith.


     Doubt is inseparable from faith because we are aware of our fallibility and the variable trustworthiness of human testimony. Indeed, it’s quite possible that were we incapable of doubt, we would be equally incapable of faith and of all that follows from it. That doesn’t make it a pleasant thing, of course. Christians are expected to struggle with their doubts. We’re expected to cope with them as we cope with any other trial of human life. It’s part of the test of temporal life: one of the quintessential barriers we must surmount to win to eternal bliss.

     There is no “answer” to doubt. It cannot be defeated once and for all, but must be endured stoically. If we have reasons to believe – again, not conclusive reasons but evidence “good enough” when mated to the urgings of our hearts and consciences – then we have reasons to resist doubt. All the same, there’s a question of tactics to be faced.

     Which is why I’ve chosen to reprint the following story from my collection For The Love Of God.


The Vampire And The Caretaker

     Gavin's alarm clock buzzed with its usual peevish insistence. He cracked an eyelid, noted the hour and the pervading darkness, and pulled the covers over his head, hoping against hope that it wasn't really his least favorite morning of the week yet again.

     It was not to be. Within seconds came his father's usual sharp knock.

     "Come on, son." Even at three-thirty in the morning, Evan Conklin always sounded as relaxed and jovial as a man who's just finished a fine meal in the company of his best friends. "We've got work to do."

     Gavin grumbled an obscenity and flung back the bedcovers with a sweep of his arm. The winter chill was upon him at once, singing along his spine loudly enough to make his teeth chatter. He slapped at the alarm clock with one hand while he groped for his robe with the other and hurried off to the bathroom for a shower and shave.

     Gavin couldn't linger over his toilet if he was to set out at the appointed hour. Evan allowed him to sleep half an hour later than he allowed himself. It was hurry, hurry, hurry from the moment his feet touched his bedroom floor to the moment he buckled himself into the passenger seat of their car. The work, his father explained more than once, would not permit it.

     Their destination was only a few miles away, but in the wee-hour blackness of a continental New York winter it seemed like an hour's ride. It was long enough for Gavin to fall back to sleep, but he didn't permit himself. One awakening per morning was more than enough. He forced himself to full alertness, stretching out his lower back, loosening the muscles in his arms, hips, and legs, and working his lungs open by steadily deepening his breathing. His father merely drove and said nothing.

     Our Lady of the Pines was completely dark. Evan pulled a ring of keys from his coat pocket, thrust one into the lock that had only last spring been installed in the tall oaken doors, and shepherded them inside, flipping light switches as he went. The nave of the church blossomed into brightness. Evan headed directly for the mop closet, while Gavin went to fetch the vacuum cleaner.

     Gavin had almost finished vacuuming the little church in preparation for the early Mass when the vampire fell upon him.

* * *

     The creature was tall and evil of aspect. Its grip was cruelly tight. Its breath upon Gavin's neck stank of ordure and rotting flesh. Despite its form, it was hard to believe that something so foul could once have been a man.

     It had him at its mercy, yet it did not strike. Its attention was fastened upon his father, who stared from the altar steps, mop dangling from his hand.

     "Well?" the creature snarled. "Aren't you going to plead for mercy? Aren't you going to offer me your blood in place of your son's? It's customary, you know."

     Evan smiled slightly. "No need."

     "Oh? You'll concede me your son's life if I agree to spare yours, then?"

     Gavin squirmed in terror, but the vampire's grip was inescapable. Evan shook his head. "Not at all. You won't be killing anyone this morning."

     The vampire cackled. "Really? How do you plan to stop me?"

     "I don't." With his eyes, Evan indicated the crucifix suspended above him. It evoked a snort of derision.

     "Yet you see that I am here, in the heart of your imaginary God's house where I'm not even supposed to be able to enter, doing as I will with your boy." Gavin shuddered as the creature's talons ruffled his hair. "He looks a tasty morsel. I expect I will enjoy breaking fast more than usual this morning."

     His father's gaze remained perfectly serene. "Go ahead, then. Feed on him."

     A stillness forged of cold iron descended upon the church. Nothing moved nor stirred.

     "Well?" Evan said. "What are you waiting for?"

     The vampire did not respond.

     "You have your victim," Evan pressed. "He's helpless in your grip. You know I can't stop you. Why haven't you struck him?"

     "What makes you so sure I won't?" the vampire snarled. It crushed Gavin to itself with lung-emptying force, and he gasped in pain.

     "It's perfectly simple," Evan said. "You won't because you can't. You don't really exist."

     "What?" the vampire roared. "I stand here in your holy place, your son my helpless captive, mocking your Savior as the phantasm you take me to be. I hold your boy's life in my arms, and you deny my existence with such ease?"

     "Of course," Evan said. "If God is real, then you are not. A just God would not permit the existence of a creature that could suck the soul out of a man's body and subject him to eternal torment, he having done no wrong of his own free will. And God exists. Therefore, you do not."

     The vampire's grip loosened, and Gavin's fear was tinted with puzzlement.

     "You see me before you," the creature said slowly. "You hear my voice and smell my odor. Your son feels my claws upon his flesh. Yet you refuse to believe in me, preferring your faith in a being you cannot see, hear, smell, taste, or touch. What gives you such confidence in your delusion, in the face of mortal peril?"

     "It's quite simple," Evan said. "The characteristics assigned to your kind contradict all right and reason. Such creatures could not exist without destroying themselves. In a word, you are implausible. No, wait," he said. "Not implausible; impossible. A creature of supernatural strength and speed that feeds on human blood, yet cannot endure the light of day? A creature that converts its prey into competitors, ensuring both a geometrically increasing number of predators and a dwindling supply of fodder? The laws of nature as God wrote them literally forbid you to exist."

     Gavin twisted again, and broke free of the creature's grip. He stumbled back and gazed upon the thing. But he could not reconcile what his eyes saw with the superhuman monster that had held him helpless a moment before. It seemed to have become insubstantial, ghostly, a mere appearance projected on the screen of reality by some unseen mechanism.

     "You truly believe this?" The vampire's voice had fallen to a whisper.

     Evan Conklin said, "I do so believe."

     And the thing faded from sight.

* * *

     Gavin awoke in a tumult of fright. He could not remember every detail of the dream that had catapulted him from slumber, but the overpowering sense of helplessness and terror, of being at the mercy of something merciless that no human strength could oppose, still pulsed within him. He sat up, switched on his bedside lamp, and breathed as slowly and deeply as he could manage, struggling to calm himself.

     His door opened slowly. His father's head poked out from behind it.

     "Everything all right, son?"

     Gavin nodded, unwilling to trust his voice. Evan entered and sat beside him on his bed.

     "Bad dream?"

     Gavin nodded again, and Evan grinned.

     "I know how rugged they can be. I used to have some pretty vivid ones, at your age." He rose and made for the door. "A shower will help. We'll hit the diner after Mass."

     Gavin extracted himself from his bed and plunged into his Sunday morning ritual. When he'd buckled himself into the passenger seat of his father's car, and Evan had backed them out of the driveway and onto Kettle Knoll Way, he said, "Dad? Do you ever...doubt?"

     "Hm? Our faith in God, you mean?" Evan kept his eyes on the dark ribbon of road unwinding before them.

     "Yeah." Gavin braced himself for the answer. What he got was not what he expected.

     "Now and then," his father said. "It's hard not to doubt something you can't see or touch. But faith isn't about certainty. It's about will."

     "So you...will away your doubts?"

     Evan chuckled. "That would be a neat trick, wouldn't it?" He pulled the Mercedes Maybach into the small side parking lot of Our Lady of the Pines, parked and killed the engine. "No, I simply command myself to do as I know I should do. Faith is expressed just as much by our deeds as by our words. As long as I can consistently act from faith, I can keep my grip on it, regardless of my doubts." He nodded toward the unlit church, barely visible in the darkness. "You might say that's why we're here."

     Gavin marveled. "And all this time I thought it was because the parish was too poor to pay for professional cleaning staff."

     That brought a snort and a guffaw. "Get serious. Though the way you vacuum, I don't wonder that Father Ray would rather have our money than your labor. No, it's that hiring your chores done distances you from them. You can't afford to do too much of that if you want to remain connected to life. I pay a cleaning lady to look after our house, but doing this for the parish keeps us involved in parish life, and mindful of...well, of a lot of things." He cuffed his son affectionately. "Let's get moving. We're already behind schedule."


     May God bless and keep you all.

Sunday, February 26, 2017

Cleanliness: A Sunday Rumination

     To those who’ve wondered where the Ruminations have disappeared to: I know it’s been a while since I last did one of these. I can’t produce them to order, or on a schedule; they require something extra, some impetus I can’t merely summon as I please. But then, that’s the case with other aspects of a life of faith, as well.


     “Cleanliness is next to Godliness.” Who hasn’t heard that one a few dozen times? (Mainly as a child, when he’d been told to clean up in preparation for some adult affair he’d rather have declined to attend.) And who, in his mud pie-making years, has never been moved to ask “Why?”

     It’s a good question. It comes to mind this morning in connection with a passage from a recent novel from John Conroe’s Demon Accords series, Snake Eyes. Christian Gordon, an angel who has volunteered to become human and act as God’s policeman against demonic incursions, is about to participate in a rather perilous interaction with an enraged elemental. His partner, a powerful young witch, is creating a confinement in the hope of improving their chance to survive the encounter:

     I closed my eyes and tried to empty my head....When it was nice and inky black, I pictured a sword. Not just any sword, but my sword. The one shown to me by Barbiel, one I’ve apparently held for eons, one that was made when I was made. It shone bright in the blackness of my mind. I reached for it. I hadn’t done this much, mostly because I was always afraid it wouldn’t work. That I wouldn’t be able to get a hold of it...that I’m not worthy to hold it anymore.
     But suddenly I felt it in my hand, and when I opened my eyes, it was shining bright in the early morning sun. It sang to me, a song of divine creation and hope. The God Tear necklace round my neck sang back to it.
     That was the easiest I’ve ever retrieved it from its pocket dimension sheath. Of course, things are easier when you don’t have a multi-ton demon charging down on you.
     Declan was watching, frozen in place, but he blinked when he saw me notice him. “Ah, that’s freaking awesome!”
     “I know, right?” I replied. Then I tied the cord to the hilt and used the pointy part to scribe a circle in the dirt.
     “Ah, don’t you think it’s like, disrespectful or something to dig your Angel sword in the dirt?” Declan asked, raw disbelief in his voice.
     “Well, let’s see,” I said, still walking the arc, still digging the line. “He made the earth and dirt, right? And He made the sword and me also. So what’s the big deal?” I asked, not telling him that it just felt like the right thing to do.

     Pretty ballsy, eh? Of course, Chris is / was an angel, so perhaps he’s not bound to human standards of reverence for objects created by God. (Life must be pretty interesting for an angel-made-flesh who’s married to a vampire that’s about to bear him twins.) But he has a good point. All of Creation is ultimately traceable to God. None of it could continue to exist without His approval. “So what’s the big deal?” Specifically, why ought we to make a big deal out of cleanliness, as if it were a route to Godliness, or at least to holiness?

     It’s about our aspirations and our essence.


     We are made in God’s image. Not our physical forms, of course; those are entirely utilitarian, designed to give us what we need to survive and flourish among the predators and other hazards of temporal existence. His image is in our souls: transdimensional, transtemporal entities through which we can hear His voice, if we listen attentively. He does not command us to “cleanliness,” however defined – and you may take it as written that what constitutes “dirt” in the sense of bodily uncleanliness has varied wildly over time and space – but to love of Him and love of neighbor. Dirt, the soil upon which we stand, exists as much by His will as our souls.

     The dirt is as utilitarian as our bodies. We need it: to stand on, to grow crops in, to suppress the dust that would otherwise billow around us, and so forth. (Try growing a decent lawn without dirt. I dare you. Your neighbors would swiftly have words with you.) But as with all useful things, the usefulness of dirt is a matter of context.

     In tending to those other useful items, our bodies, we tend to dislike dirt for several quite valid reasons. It mars our appearance. It makes us itch. It can invite parasites unfriendly to our health. So we remove it as best we can, that we might have more attention to spend on other things.

     It can be a bit difficult to pray when you’re itching all over, swarming with lice or fleas, and you’re aware that your pew and the two or three ahead of and behind you are completely empty for all too obvious reasons.


     We cleanse ourselves for utilitarian reasons, but also for spiritual ones. In tending to our bodies we perform a kind of veneration, a gesture of appreciation and gratitude for what we are and what God has given us:

     For thou hast possessed my reins: thou hast covered me in my mother's womb. I will praise thee; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made: marvellous are thy works; and that my soul knoweth right well. My substance was not hid from thee, when I was made in secret, and curiously wrought in the lowest parts of the earth. [Psalm 139:13-15]

     Gratitude is the secret to enduring happiness: yet another of His gifts, and ironically perhaps the one spurned most often. It follows that conscious expressions of gratitude, including the efficient care and maintenance of what we’ve been given, are valuable aids to the conservation and nurturance of our faith.

     So we clean. We strive to remain clean, not merely for the utilitarian benefits but also in recognition that our bodies, His most personal temporal gifts to us, are items for which we should be thankful both in word and in deed...and that dirt, like all other useful things, has its proper place, beyond which it’s not useful but an encumbrance of which we should strive to rid ourselves.

     May God bless and keep you all.

Friday, May 13, 2016

Fatima, The Miracle Of The Sun, And The Future Of Man

     On May 13, 1917, Lucia dos Santos, Jacinta Marto, and Francisco Marto, three Portuguese children, reported having seen an apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary at Fatima, Portugal. It was the first of five such apparitions to which only those three children were privy. At each, the Blessed Virgin made certain predictions about the future, including World War II, and exhorted them to pray the Rosary for the salvation of the world. She also promised a final apparition, on October 13, 1917, at which many others would be present, “that all may see and believe.”

     The event on October 13, 1917 has been called the Miracle of the Sun. It lasted approximately ten minutes and was witnessed by a crowd of at least 30,000 people. Though the eyewitnesses’ reports varied in details, there was an overall consistency to them that persuaded the Catholic Church to recognize it officially as a miracle.

     Needless to say, various scientists and skeptics have offered alternative explanations for the phenomena witnessed by the crowd. There will always be alternative explanations for an event that appears to defy our secular understanding of Nature’s laws. That’s an inescapable aspect of reality; if an event cannot be replicated, there’s no way to choose among the possible causes for it. Those who lack faith or simply prefer secular explanations will choose one and dismiss the supernatural as the cause. This is also the case for the many miraculous cures reported by pilgrims to the springs at Lourdes.

     But there is this about the Fatima apparitions:

  • The Blessed Virgin’s predictions about the war in progress and about World War II proved accurate.
  • Her predictions about the rise of Communism and the ultimate fall of the Soviet Union also proved accurate.
  • Other predictions included massive clashes inside the Church -- "The work of the devil will infiltrate even into the Church in such a way that one will see cardinals opposing cardinals, bishops against bishops...churches and altars sacked...." -- which, though not detailed, have surely been accurate overall.
  • Though they stared at the disk of the Sun for ten minutes, none of the witnesses to the Miracle of the Sun experienced any damage to their eyesight.

     Choose for yourself whether to believe or disbelieve.


     Faith, like prayer, has power. Its principal effect is, of course, on the believer. However, that’s not where the power of faith ends.

     The most visible manifestation of the power of faith is in the actions of the believer: what he chooses to do in response to the call of faith. If what he believes is wholesome and good, his actions will be as well. He might undertake great works of creation or interpretation. He might devote himself to evangelism or charity. Or he might retire to hermitage or monasticism: a life alone with faith and the visions it provides him.

     Of course, wholesome faiths aren’t the only sort. The clearest possible example is rampaging across the globe as we speak, killing and destroying in the name of Allah. Those who murder, rape, and plunder for Islam are convinced that it’s God’s will that they do so. No exertion of argument or plea for tolerance can move them. Even their peaceably minded co-believers must concede that that’s what Islam’s scriptures command of them.

     In the face of Islam’s jihad, the Western world has largely disarmed itself, having surrendered preemptively to a tide of secularism. It appears not to have occurred to people generally that the only effective counterforce to a destructive faith is a wholesome one – and that the most wholesome faith around, Christianity, responsible for the philosophical and ethical shaping of the West and the defeat of the Islamic hordes on two separate occasions, is still available.

     Christianity asks little more of the believer than firmness of faith when under trial and good will toward others even in the throes of battle, yet it continues to be spurned even now that we need it most. Yet even many self-nominated Christians will decline, albeit with embarrassment, to defend their faith and wield it against the blatant villainy of Islam. Why that should be so is unclear...but I have a sneaking suspicion that for many it’s fear of the scorn of the “sophisticated:” they who proudly proclaim that they “left all that nonsense in the cradle.” Such is the damage the association of intelligence and urbanity with a lack of faith has wrought on the world Christianity created.


     Among the Blessed Virgin’s gifts to the three children of Fatima were three “secrets,” two of which were made public swiftly thereafter. The first concerned entirely supernatural matters: a vision of Hell and an appeal that the faithful should pray for the salvation of all souls. The second was a prophecy of the end of World War I and the inception of World War II in 1939, and the rise of Communism should Russia not be redeemed from her evil ways.

     It’s in the nature of Man and the free will God gave us that the future is not fixed. Predictive visions, Pope Benedict XVI has told us, are often monitory:

     The purpose of the vision is not to show a film of an irrevocably fixed future. Its meaning is exactly the opposite: it is meant to mobilize the forces of change in the right direction. Therefore we must totally discount fatalistic explanations of the “secret,” such as, for example, the claim that the would-be assassin of 13 May 1981 was merely an instrument of the divine plan guided by Providence and could not therefore have acted freely, or other similar ideas in circulation. Rather, the vision speaks of dangers and how we might be saved from them.

     This, too, is part of the decision – always an individual decision predicated upon individual experiences and understanding – to accept or decline the gift of faith.

     The open, innocent acceptance of that gift is what we most need today. Yes, that’s “just one man’s opinion.” But ask yourselves, Gentle Readers, what gifts are being offered us by the skeptics, the scoffers, and the proclaimers of Man as the emergent god who needs no other?

     Choose wisely.

Sunday, May 1, 2016

The Either-Or Of Faith: A Sunday Rumination

     First, allow me to recount a tale the celebrant told this morning at Mass.

     A young man badly addicted to various drugs had died of a heroin overdose. As part of the funeral Mass, the boy’s father read a letter – a letter he, the father, had written as if it had been dictated by his dead son “looking down from heaven.” It was a hortatory, inspirational thing, addressed principally to the boy’s coevals. The message was simple yet compelling: do not give up on your life. Considering how many people of any age do give up on life, owing to pain, depression, loneliness, or obstacles that seem insuperable, it’s an important message, certainly one we can all benefit from hearing now and then.

     But beyond the message of that letter lay something else, something arguably more important: the origin of the letter. Who wrote it? The father had typed it out, but did the words and sentiments originate with him? I submit that even he, no matter how certain he might have been, couldn’t really know. And of course, neither could anyone else.

     If the father was the originator, the act would strike some, including me, as somewhat presumptuous. But if it were otherwise, it constitutes a message from beyond the veil of Time: a minor miracle. As it’s not possible to know, all that remains is what one chooses to believe.

     That’s the way it is with a lot of things.


     Among the greater mysteries of Christian faith is the one surrounding prayer. We are taught that all prayers are answered...but also that we might not recognize the answer when it’s delivered. Jesus Himself told us to “Ask, and it shall be given you:”

     Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you: For every one that asketh receiveth; and he that seeketh findeth; and to him that knocketh it shall be opened. Or what man is there of you, whom if his son ask bread, will he give him a stone? Or if he ask a fish, will he give him a serpent? If ye then, being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your children, how much more shall your Father which is in heaven give good things to them that ask him? [Matthew 7:7-11]

     Yet many who pray for health are denied it. Many who pray for sustenance in time of need do not receive it. How are we to reconcile these things with the doctrine that prayer is always answered?

     Here’s the answer Laurie Kendrick proposed:

     LK: OK fine, but this faith stuff is asking a lot of us sometimes. I’ve had faith before. Exercised it regularly. I prayed to you for things that I wanted and needed to happen. But I was let down when my prayers weren’t answered. I’ve never been married and only came close once. You know that I really loved Nick. When he left me, my heart was broken. What happened?
     God: Your prayers were answered. You just didn’t like the results. I gave you what you needed.
     LK: But I loved him!
     God: Trust me, I gave you what you needed.
     LK: And what was that?
     God: You needed a life without Nick.
     LK: Why?
     God: Nick was never the right guy for you. If you were with him, you’d never get the chance to meet the man you’re supposed to be with.
     LK: So, where is my Mr. Man and why am I alone now and so miserable?
     God: You’ll meet him when the time is right. You’re alone now because you need to be and you’re miserable I guess, because for some reason, you want to be.
     LK: I want to be miserable?? What purpose would that serve?
     God: Only you can answer that.
     LK: Where are you in all of this?
     God: I’m right here–where I have been; where I will be. Listen to me–I give you opportunities, Laurie. You make of them what you will. You decide how to react, how to feel. This is how it works. This is life.
     Not only aren’t we guaranteed to recognize the answer; we’re not guaranteed to like it, either. As God says above, “This is how it works. This is life.”

     To believe or disbelieve is your choice. Neither is provably right...and neither is provably wrong.


     The domain of faith includes all propositions that can neither be proved nor disproved: i.e., that must be accepted or rejected “on faith.” Those which can be disproved belong to the domain of science. Those which can be proved or disproved belong to the domain of mathematics.

     I am of the opinion that we need faith – that it fills a space in our psyches that nothing else can fill. I’ve known no one of healthy mind who was utterly without faith, though the particular faiths some of my acquaintances possessed were imperceptible even to them. I think this also helps to explain the phenomenon of mid-life returnees to religions abandoned in youth. Young people are often utterly clueless about what they need; any college campus in America would serve as a case study.

     Yet faith requires effort. Part of the effort lies in choosing what to believe; the remainder lies in believing it in the face of others’ derision. All four of the cardinal virtues must be exercised in this matter of faith:

  • Prudence, for separating what is plausible from what is plainly absurd;
  • Justice, for rejecting beliefs that involve the violation of others’ rights;
  • Temperance, for remaining humble and not slathering one’s choice over everyone within range;
  • Fortitude, for withstanding the insults and ridicule of others.

     The reason is simple:

For every phenomenon to which a supernatural explanation might be applied, there will be at least one possible explanation that omits the supernatural.

     This is the great “either-or” that confronts every man who entertains a religious proposition. God – if you believe in Him, as I do – has made it possible to decline faith while retaining our reason. Hillary Swank’s overlooked little movie The Reaping provides an example of the processes involved.


     The above is why I’ve maintained that it is possible for a good man to be an atheist, and yet to receive the reward of eternal bliss that’s promised to good men who believe in God, who worship Him in all three Persons, and who observe His Commandments. Human reason and knowledge are and will remain incapable of penetrating the veil of Time. Being finite creatures – while we live, at least – we are too little to engulf the infinite. Faith thus becomes the choice inescapably before us.

     That doesn’t mean it will ever become easy to have faith. We’re supposed to be tried right up to the limit our souls can bear, and part of the trial is undoubtedly enduring the scorn of others who don’t believe as we do and deem us stupid, ignorant, or weak-minded for believing it. That is the Covenant with Man: the condition upon which salvation is offered us.

     Time was, they who professed faith were so much more numerous than those who didn’t that they “gave themselves airs,” including the privilege of tormenting those others in various ways. It was wrong; let there be no dispute about that. And it is quite possible that the derision believers suffer today is our comeuppance, even part of our penance. The task is the same as it has always been: for each man to choose whether to believe, to conduct himself accordingly, and to accept the consequences.

     No one escapes the great Either-Or.

     May God bless and keep you all.

Sunday, March 20, 2016

Not Because It’s True

     [This first appeared at the Palace of Reason on December 30, 2003. I felt it a good time to repost it, as several commentators have recently fallen into the trap of exhorting Americans to return to Christianity for utilitarian reasons. -- FWP]


     Men or nations who think they can revive the Faith in order to make a good society might just as well think they can use the stairs of Heaven as a short cut to the nearest chemist's shop. [C. S. Lewis, The Screwtape Letters]

     Recent pieces by Kim Du Toit and Commander Will have reanimated an old debate: whether religion is, on balance, a positive or negative contributor to social soundness. While the question is interesting, more interesting yet -- and much more dangerous -- are the temptations that surround any sort of definite conclusion on the matter.

     The Du Toit essay cites religion as a source of behavioral constraints that all persons should observe, regardless of the specific creed to which one goes to find them. Kim posits that the major religions share a common behavioral code, which he approves, despite being an atheist himself. Along the way, he makes the following statement:

     [T]he basic tenets of religious precept are critical to the proper functioning of society -- it's why I as an atheist send my son to a parochial private school, and why the two homeschooled kids are held to rigorous standards of behavior. Children have to be drilled in the basic concepts of behavioral restriction -- theft is wrong, killing is wrong, etc. -- and the instruction is easier to do with religion, but not impossible without it.

     From this he progresses to the following conclusion:

     Religion and manners, properly observed, have served our society well over the centuries, and it's wrong to toss out everything on the basis that when employed to their extreme, they cause harm.

     In his comments on the matter, Commander Will says:

     But Kim, there have been so many very successful liars. And who are you to say that anyone should not lie if they are good at it? You see, the question is, from what basis or authority do you sit there and pontificate about why anyone should not lie? From where comes your authority? Truly honest atheists acknowledge that without a supreme being, creator, authority; it is every man for himself.

     And further on:

     Where we have screwed up as a society, is in the lapse of both religious precept and manners -- which results in ever-expanding laws to deal with all the exigencies which were once covered by religious and mannered proscription -- and which is also why more lawyers graduate from college each year than the year before.

     Before your Curmudgeon launches into his own, quite different take on the matter, he'd like to reassure you that he has no bone to pick with either of these worthies. Indeed, raising the questions they have is a valuable public service, for which they deserve thanks...but not because they've hit the target squarely.


     I contend that we are both atheists, I just believe in one less god than you do. When you understand why you dismiss all other possible gods, then you will know why I dismiss yours. -- Stephen F. Roberts

     Is there anyone in the audience who'd defend the position that an atheist cannot be a decent and entirely acceptable man?

     Well, the crickets are certainly loud today. Your Curmudgeon just wanted that straw man out of the way before he proceeded to demolish the Roberts quote above.

     Religious belief as a category of human mentation has received far too little attention. Most of that attention has come from persons determined to destroy all foundation for religion, which makes matters worse; they're not objective analysts but partisans on a crusade.

     Your Curmudgeon, much given to pondering the categories into which ideas fall, after long and hard thought has arrived at the following partition:

  • Theses which can be proved or disproved: mathematics.
  • Theses which can be disproved, but not proved: science.
  • Theses which can neither be proved nor disproved: religion.

     By "proof" is meant the modus ponens / modus tollens sort of logical proof that proceeds from widely accepted postulates and uses implication to reach the desired conclusion. By "disproof" is meant the demonstration of one or more counter-examples to a theory.

     Atheism, gauged against this partition, is a religious creed: the creed that there is no God. It is distinct from agnosticism, a purely heuristic stance which maintains that personal experiences of the mystical and numinous cannot be used as evidence for a religious proposition. The Roberts scheme of things evades this point neatly. Rational agnostic Smith would concede that there might be a God after all, even though he refused to accept religionist Jones's private personal revelations as evidence to that effect. The atheist fails to grapple with the fundamental limitations of Man's mind and senses, which make it impossible to evaluate claims of Godhood with confidence.

     When Roberts dismisses God -- any God -- he does so out of prejudice, not from a sound evidentiary or logical basis. His position is no more provable or disprovable than that of a devout Christian. Humans simply don't have the necessary assets to prove that God does or does not exist. Were Brahma standing before us today, were Christ to return in all His prophesied glory, this would remain the case.


     Religious creeds that require their adherents to accept demonstrably false dogmas will always fail and be abandoned. Had the Catholic Church continued to insist that the Sun revolves around the Earth, it would have been laughed into irrelevance. Were conclusive evidence of evolution by mutation and natural selection ever amassed, those creeds that insist that God created the world as it is, with all its existing species, would have to back away from that stance or be discarded.

     But as Kim Du Toit has told us, the Ten Commandments are common to essentially all religious systems. That is, the fundamental rules that make for a peaceful and sustainable society are upheld by all major creeds. (No, your Curmudgeon refuses to talk about Islam today.) Since these rules are self-demonstrating -- history records appalling tides of carnage from every attempt to set them aside -- it would be madness for a religion to gainsay them. Among other things, that religion's adherents would be identifiably dangerous to others; the desirability of wiping them and their creed from the face of the Earth would be overpowering, as it was in the case of Nazism.

     So religious belief of some sort is not required to absorb the importance of the Ten Commandments. Kim concedes this as well, but stands on the more modest point that religion is useful in teaching proper moral behavior to the young, and in reinforcing moral conduct in society in general.

     Which explains the quote at the start of this tirade.


     It's time to pass from Kim's utilitarian approach to religion to Will's explanatory one:

     [W]here did DNA come from? If you respond with "It evolved." You are incredibly stupid.

     First of all, that would require some mechanism that defies the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Any scientist who could demonstrate such a mechanism would make Einstein look like a moron. DeoxyriboNucleic Acid is an extremely complex code, a language. It is a set of instructions that "tells" molecules and atoms how to construct themselves into useful proteins and organelles so as to support cells and organs and all sorts of life.

     If I were to tell you that if you simply wired enough microchips together, in no particular order, and plugged the whole thing into a 110 volt power supply, that eventually, the whole mess would begin reorganizing itself into something useful, you would laugh at me and call me an idiot.

     But the very same person that would think I'm an idiot for suggesting such a thing wants me to believe that long ago in a cesspool, some byproducts of animal waste, (CO2, CH4, H2) somehow decided to combine themselves into racemic (dextrorotary) molecules to form amino acids and proteins that cannot survive in an unprotected state.

     Unfortunately, the foundation of Will's argument, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, doesn't say what he thinks it does. (Trust a former astrophysicist to be picky about such things.) It applies solely to the aggregate entropy of a closed system. It dictates nothing for an open system -- a system capable of importing net non-heat energy from "outside" and expelling heat and wastes to "outside." Zones within a closed system may exhibit decreasing entropy for indefinitely long periods of time; else, life could not maintain itself at all. Moving from theory to practice, laboratory researchers have demonstrated the spontaneous formation of amino acids in primordial-Earth conditions, so there's no real objection to the evolutionary thesis on the basis of practical implausibility.

     As for the "microchips" analogy, it doesn't hold up: the fundamental properties of a primordial-Earth environment and the things in it differ qualitatively from those of a random assemblage of electronics. For one thing, the elements and small molecules in a primordial-Earth scenario are all highly mobile and reactive. For another, the energy flows into that system are various, powerful, and chaotic; they contrast sharply with the way energy enters an electronic assembly.

     This is not to say that the spontaneous genesis of life under primordial-Earth conditions is unchallengeable. That thesis is simply another explanation for how life began here. For the moment, it is no more nor less provable or disprovable than any theistically founded explanation. More, it posits nothing about the way those conditions themselves came to be, which many regard as the gate through which theistic premises will always be able to pass.


     So: Religion is neither demonstrably necessary for the formation or perpetuation of a good society, nor is Divine action the sole conceivable explanation for the emergence of life on Earth. Given that, by its nature, a religious proposition can neither be proved nor disproved, what, then, is the "value" of religious belief? Why does anyone hold to one?

     Many who are disdainful of religion posit "psychological" justifications -- the unwillingness to accept the finity of human life; the need to feel that one has a place in a grander scheme of things; the desire to believe that there is an ultimate dispenser of justice that the villains of this world cannot evade; and so forth. Your Curmudgeon would suggest that the matter is not quite that simple. If it is one to which yardsticks and photometers cannot be applied, neither is it exhaustively covered by explanations rooted in human emotional frailty.

     Man's mind is free.

     Despite hypnosis, brainwashing, and drugs of immense potency, it is impossible to impose an idea on a human mind beyond all possibility of rejection. Why this should be so is a subject for a later screed. For the moment, it's the most important of all postulates.

     Not only is the mind free, but the sensory conduits that feed it data are free as well. That is, they are not strictly bound by the objective universe -- the things and effects that are independent of our opinions. Things happen privately in the brain. This is borne out by such phenomena as hallucination and mirage, both of which are irreproducible in detail in objective observers, but which have occurred too frequently, and to too many persons, to be sniffed aside.

     This opens the door to the consideration of private experiences as elements in the formation of religious belief. The agnostic will argue that private experiences cannot be used as evidence for anything, and he's absolutely correct. But the person having the experience is not bound by the rules of evidence and inference. He is free to interpret it in whatever manner best pleases him.

     Though many accept a religion because of successful indoctrination or social pressure, many others accept one because they've had one or more private experiences that persuaded them of the reality of God.

     Much distress and social friction arise when believers attempt to persuade others to their convictions on the strength of such private experiences. The most important revelation in the history of Christianity, the "road to Damascus" vision of Paul of Tarsus, the doctrinal founder of the Church, was made to a single person. Saint Paul spoke of that private experience to many other people, and persuaded a great number of them...but not all. Of those he did not persuade, many called him a liar, and became his mortal enemies.

     Still, who shall say that Saint Paul did not have the vision of which he spoke so movingly? Who shall say that any of the saints of legend did not have their particular visions -- or that those visions, being irreproducible, could not possibly have been veridical?

     One may dispute accounts of miracles, which occur in the "public" world where such things can be dispassionately witnessed and quantified. One may not dispute something as private as a vision of revelation. There are no metrics for them.

     He who has elected to interpret a private event of that kind as a testament to a religious proposition is a "true believer." That is, he hasn't absorbed his religion through some process of indoctrination, or chosen it for utilitarian reasons such as to promote social health or to fit in better with others whose good will he values. He's decided that his vision was the truth, and has formed his conscious convictions around that truth as he sees it.

     That such events must necessarily be private and non-transferable is simply in the nature of religious belief. That not all persons who experience them choose to interpret them as messages from God is merely the operation of human mental freedom, without which we would be indistinguishable from the beasts.


     Ultimately, the question is not "why believe in God;” it's "why believe anything." When are beliefs distinguishable from both provable propositions and more pragmatic postures of the sort Kim Du Toit approves? When are beliefs not forced upon us by evidence or a lack of coherent alternatives nevertheless too appealing to evade, as Commander Will would have it?

     Simply, when the mind and heart, working in tandem from private experience, privately decide that they're true.

     To adopt something as consequential as a religious creed for any other reason carries much danger. Social utility does not demand the ultimate postulates of any religion. Nor is there any natural phenomenon which demands a theistic explanation. A faith predicated on either basis is subject to being overturned convulsively, with proportional damage to the sanity and happiness of the holder.

     Which explains the quote with which your Curmudgeon will close this essay:

     Only today I have found a passage in a Christian writer where he recommends his own version of Christianity on the ground that "only such a faith can outlast the death of old cultures and the birth of new civilisations." You see the little rift? "Believe this, not because it is true, but for some other reason." That's the game. [C. S. Lewis, The Screwtape Letters]

Sunday, March 13, 2016

Quickies: Religion In The Workplace

     I’m not on LinkedIn – no use for it, really – so I’ve only just learned about this:

     Eric Little wasn’t trying to make a bold statement to the business world when he posted a picture of a Bible study to LinkedIn last December. He just liked the impromptu snapshot of the weekly study he hosts and wanted to share it.

     “We were praying before starting our Bible study, and I just looked up and took the picture,” said Little, the president of Crimson Building Company in Dallas/Fort Worth and a deacon at his church. “Later on that day, I looked at the picture and thought it was pretty powerful. Then without giving it much thought, I posted it on our Facebook page and on LinkedIn.”

     Needless to say, at work these days you can’t even bow your head over your lunch without triggering some sort of carping:

     The response has been mixed. Some people have lectured Little for injecting religion into a business networking site. Others have criticized him for creating a potentially hostile workplace for people who don’t share his faith. But many of the comments laud him for setting a good example and daring to let his light shine online...one human resources professional who is Jewish warned Little that an employee facing discipline could cite lack of participation in the study as the motivation for action, and that would be a tough claim to defend.

     HR people are necessarily cautious about anything that might become the basis of an adverse lawsuit. All the same, what we have here is a driver for religious discrimination -- a reason for the small business owner to avoid hiring persons not of his religious faith -- because a litigation-minded employee wouldn’t need such study groups as an excuse! He could merely allege exclusion on religious grounds.

     Factor into this the de jure positive accommodations being mandated for American Muslims and their “religious” requirements. Does any Gentle Reader think a Muslim-owned business would be penalized for religious discrimination against a Christian or Jewish employee, regardless of the circumstances or the evidence, even if we assume that Muslims would willingly hire “polytheists” or “the descendants of apes and pigs” as anything but janitors or go-fers?